ABSTracTCOMMUNICATION SYSTEM WIRIABLES A VAST EDGLECTRONICS PROJECT PROVIDE MANY CONSISTENT ADVANTAGES, WHICH LEADSUP-TO-DATE TECHNOLOGY AN RF MODULE IS A SMALL ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT USED TO TRANSMWIRELESS ALARM SYSTEMS, INDUSTRIAL REMOTE COOLS, SMART SENSOR APPLICATIONS ANDY ARE OFTEN USED INSTEAD OF INFRARED REMOTEQUIRINGRADIO FREQUENCY INVOLVES TWO SUB UNITS NAMED, TRANSMITTER RECEIVER AS THEIRCONVERT INTO SERIAL PORT DATA BY USING HT12E ENCODER THIS ENCODED DATA GET RECEIVED BY RECEIVER PLACING FAR AWAY FROME FIRST JOB THAT A RECEIVER DO AFTERRECEIVING IT IS TO CONVERT OR DECODE THE DATA INTO PARALLEL PORTS BY USING HT12D DODER AlSIDE CIRCUIT WITH RELAY SO THAT WE CAN OPERATE AC DEVICES (e
g BULB, TUBE, FAN ETCWITHAND ABOUT THE MATTER TECHNOLOGY THAT I HAVE USED IS PIC16F73 THE TECHNOLOGYAS WELL AS THE MIND TOCONCERN TO ANY STUDENT OR TRAINEE REMAINS THAT THE TECHNOLOGC SERIES OF MICROCONTROLLERS THEY ARE COECTIVE PROVIDE WIDE AVAILABLARGE USER BASE EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF APPLICATION NOTES AVAILABILITY OF LOW COSTOR FREE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS, AND SERIAL PROGRAMMING (AND RE-PROGRAME VERY FIRST THING THAT CONCERN TO ANY ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING STUDENT BEFORECHOOSING THE PROJECTAPPLICATIONS THAT MEANS HOW MUCH INNOVATIVE THE PROIT CAN EXTEND TO THE BIGGER APPLICATIONS OF THIS AGE OF SMART VAST LIFE? AND, AlsoS APPLICATIONS MUST BE COST EFFECTIVE SO THAT EVERYONE CAN USE IT WITHOUT ANYCONOMICAL HESITATION HERE ARE NUMEROUS APPLICATIONS OF WIRELESS RF MODUOF RF MODULWIRELESS MOUSE ALSO WORKSAME PRINCIPLE AND, BEYONDMINDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION, CUSTOM WIRELESS REMOTE CONTROLS LIKE WIRELESS X-RAYSYSTEMS LONG-RANGE WIRELESS SWITCH SYSTEM(HAND-HELD), MACHINE TO MACHINM2M)RF WIRELESS NETWORKING, ROBOT CGSM ETC COULD BE CONSIDERED AS IT'S FUTURE PROSPECTS TO WORK ON THIS IS INGo wireless/
2 FEATURES OF RE MODULETHERE ARE SEVERAL FEATURES OF WIRELESS RF MODULEWireless Data Commuwer lucienRange c3KHz- 300GHz of raFRE traequency bands: 300-348 MH400464 MHz and800928MH10dBm for all supported frequenciesmable basebandA RFd ReVery few external componentst up to 300GHz fromCompletely on-chip frequencany standard CMOS/TTL source
The modules areeno external filters neededdhardware cost these modules exhibit extremelyynthesizestable electronic characteristics due to the use ofrdtched the pcb in orcadology which usesno adjustable components and ensures veryMany powerful digital features allow aeliableRF system to be maded witSupport forchronous transpacompatibility with existing radioAGE
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1Ⅰ NPUT REQUIREMENTShe wireless RF Module has following Input Requirementshe CpU must has 8-Pin port so that the serial port can be insertedIf We have a Laptop theversal usB To serial Port converterbeMikro c is also usedRequired SoftwareAny kind of sensors are also usable as input reg32 OUTPUT REQUIREMENTSFor gdepends upon our programming requirementsCD Can be used To receive the output of the pIcLED or 7-Segments offers the Same properties as of lCiWe can also use pS/2 keyboards ADC Ports etc
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3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTSWindows, LINUX as an operating systemOrCAD as work space for PCBTINA PRO for Simulation PurposesMikro C as a compiler for EmbeddedPIC Burne3 1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTSPentium 4 Computer(Atleast256 MB RAMSoftware Interfacing with PlC 16F73 Kitg Laptoprt
4, Tools∪ sed forDevelopmentOrCADcadenceOrCADOrCad is a proprietary software tool suite used primarily for electronic design automationThe software is used mainly by electronic design engineers and electronic technicians tocreate electronic schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boardsThe name OrCAD is a portmanteau, reflecting the company and its software 's originsOregon+ CAD
41 OrCaDCadence OrCAD product line provides affordable high-performance PCb designtools that boost productivity for smaller design teams and individual PCB designers411 PCB DESIGNINGB stands fored circuit board(PCB)oth thethe electrical interconnection between the components thatPCBg board is the platform upon which electronic componentscompobstrate(tyfibre glass with epoxy as resinh the conductive pattern or circuitryd
Copper is the most prevalentconductor although nickel, silver and tisome casesayoutLPlusOrCADCaptureCISig: 411 Types Of OrCADOr Cad has a long history of providing individuals and teams with a complete sethat offand exceptional value New 105 release continues that traditiy s lower cost and yetly sophisticated electronic design automationsystems have created a unique challenge to nearly every engineering departmentherefore the uDa tools has become increasingly important as productcycles have bed shorteModern electronic design automation(EDA) tools are beginning to support ategrated approachOr Cad Capture desentry is the most wfor one simple reason fast and universal design entry Whether you' re designingdigital block diagram with an HDL module orCad Capture provides simple sche-tic commands you need to enter, modify and verify the design for PCB OrCadayout offers PCB designd pcb dteams the power and flexibility todata and constraints adelivers all the capabilities to designers need from netlist to place and route, tof
412 LAYOUT PLUSinking design cycles and a growing number of nets with constraints require cusers to adopt pcb design methodologies that increase predictability and accelerate design turnaround
Cadence layout and routing technology offers a scalableeasy-to-use, constraint-driven PCB design solution for simple to complex PCBscluding those with RF etch componeCadence OrCAD PCB Designer contains antegrated design flow thatcludes a constraint manager design capgy, coms a pcBditor, an auto/ interactive router, and interfaces for manufacturing and mechanicament for creating and editing simple to complex multi-layer PCBs the extensiveaddresses a wide range of design andOr CAD PCB Designer and orcad PCB Designer with pSpice both include cadenceSPECCTRA for OrCAD, the market-leading pcb solution for automatic and interaFEATURESOffers ascalable, easy-to-use PCB editing and routing solution that growseedeack application integration increases productivity and ensures dataehensive feature set and a seamless pcb design enment delivers acomplete solution to take a desig413 CAPTURE CISOrCAD Cvides fast and intuitive schematic design entry for pcb deyment or analog simulation using PSpice The component information system( CIS)ntegrates with it to automatically synd validate externally sourced partasy-to-use and powerful, CadenceOrCAD Capture is the most widely usedschematic design solution, supporting both flat and hierarchal designs from thesImplesnal integration with OrCAD PCBmatic and the board design Or CAd Capture allows designers to back annotate layout changes make gate/ pin swaps and change component names or values fromboardschematic using the feedback process It also comes withbrary of schematic symbols and can export net lists in a wide variety of formats
ify and populate the design with preferparts With easy access to company component databases and part informationdesigners can reduce the amount of time spent researching needed partsFEATURESBoosts schematic editing efficiency of complex designs through hierarchical andIntegrates with
a robust cis that promotes the use of preferred, current parts toProvides access to more than two million parts with Cadence Active parts42 PIC BURNERis is the ultimate PlC/EEPROM programmer! Theet is full of PIc programmer software
the problem is that most of the programmers support only one typeof hardware and only one operating systePIC Burner is very versatile software Weecausebealsuse different assemblers because pburn can read all kinds of intel hex file formatssed(inhx32, inhx 16 and inhx8m)FEATURESux and windows XP/Vista/7 supportProgram memory and configuration memory read/write/verifyData memory read /write/verifyReads and writes multiple hex file formnput file format auto detectionGood documenta屍AcEOSupport foport hardware
ACKNOWLEDGEMENtT WOULD BE INAPPROPRIATE TO CALS REPORT COMPLETE AND SUCCESSFUL IF I DONANK THE PEOPLE WHO GUIDED AS IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS PROJECT THE SUBMISOSE WHO HAVE HELPEDO REACH STAGE FROM WHERE I HAVE IMMENSE CONFIDENCE TOLAUNCH MY CAREER IN THE COMPETITIVE WORLD OFIRST AND FOREMOST
I WOULD LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE MY HEARTY THANKS TOJOD(ECE)PROVIDING ME SUCH A NICE ENVIRONMENT FOR TRAINING WITH TIMELY HWOULD ALSO LIKE TO EXPRESS MY MOST SINCEROR THEIR VALUABLE HELP DURINGHIS PROJECT HE HAS BEEN A SOURCE OF PERPETUAL INSPIRATION TO ME TOWARDSA BRIGHT CAREER, NOT TO FORGET THE PAIN STAKING EFFORTS OF MY COLLEGE TRAINING AABHISHEK SHARMAB-TECHECE·4 TH SEACONTACT MESyt
LiST OF TABLES FIGURES USEDTablesPage noFi:66Feature Table of PIc16F73Fg:93Frequencies Table ofRFFiguresFig: 411Types ofOrCADFig: 431A Still Of MikrocThe Procedure of PCB Designing UsingOrCaDFig:5,42Designing a Circuit In Capture CisPCB FootprintLayout plu60Various PIC Microcontrollers Offered By中pFig: 66Pin Diagram OfPIC16F7324Fig: 68Flowchart Of PIC e It's Core ArchitectureFig: 69
1Voltage-Frequency Graph Of PIcRP Frequency spectrumFig: 95Block Diagram Of RF OperationFg:951mitter/Receiver explained41Fig:991Operation Of Serial Encoder461g'992Operation Of Serial DecoderFig:910Flowchart Of RF ModuleFig: Il1I RFID51Fig: 112 4 Wireless RF Based mouseFig: 115M2M PIC Tail Daughter board55Fig: 116Flowchart Of RF Based Control Robot
TABLE OF CONTENTChapter NoTitlePage NoTitle pAbstract1AcknowledgementList of Tables e- figuresNTRODUCTIONWhat is wirelessl2Examples of wirelessDevicesdio frequency2224What is RF ModuleRF Module's performancel6cope of Wireless RF moduleeatures f rf moduleHardware 8 SoftwareRequirements3
1Input RequirementOutput Requirement33Software RequirementHardware requirementnols to be usedOrCAD411 PCB Designing5556678899Layout pluCapture Cis42PIC Burner
4,4USB PIC Bootloader13PCB DesigningTypes FpCBion Of PCB14Techniques UsedPlacement Of Layout PitOrCAD Design Environmen1755Technolagy To be used-2Introduction2262Special microcontroller22FeaturesPeripheral features23CMOS TechnologyData Space(RAM)-PIN diagram24661 PIN Description66Feature TableMemory orgenization2Core architecture69USARTProject Planning7 I Project Planning e scheduling8Requirement analysis81Listing The Components811Components812PCB32Capacit81
4LED33L CD816RelaResistor34818BX433A35819ULN280IA8l10Battery8111 HT12E/ Encode8 112 HT12D/ Decoder-368113PICl6F73
9Working葉 RF ModuleSpecial Properties OfRF Current92Frequency ChartRF Module interfacing With PIC88900Block Diagram e explanationSource Code for picSerial encoder/decoderOperational Working Of RF98Ckt ImplementationTransmitter sectionReceiver section45拓6打鋁99Working flowchart0Format?101Structure Of Hex file format11ations of rf modRFIDI111peration OfRFII11 1 2 Applications Of RFID112Wireless mouse521121RF Transmitter1122 RF Receiver12
3RF Frequency521124Advantage53Industrial automation114Custom Wireless Remote Controls1141Wireless X-Ray system1142 Long range Transmitter54115Machine to machine wireless rf55Networking116Robot Using rF remote control12Actual PCB Photographs13Utu13IIdentifying ObjectsUsing RF Technology132Radio tiitter design133Two Channels rf control134Weather Monitoring SystemAppendixκbibliography
1INTRODUCTIONii What is wirelessWireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in whichrtof thices, such as intrusion alarms, employ acoustic wavlencies above the range of human hearing; these are also someedWireless technologyrole in the lives of people throughout the world In addrger numbers of peopledirectly
(It has been suggested that wireless is overused in some12 EXAMPLES OF WIRELESSDEVICESCellular phones and pagers-- provide connectivity focations, both persolobal Positioning System(GPS)-allows drivers of cars andks, captains of boats and ships and piloclatto asCordless computer peripherals- the cordless mouse is acommon eple: keyboards and printers can also be linkedCordless telephone sets--these are limited-range devicesd with cell phHome-entertainment-system control boxes--the vCRcontrol and the tv channel control are the most commorexamples; some hi-fi sound systems and FM broadcastReRemote garage-door openers--one of the oldest wirelesDevices in common use by consumers; usually operates atRadio frequenciesTwo-way radios-this includes Amateur and Citizens Radioas well as business, marine and micatonsBaby monitors- these devices areed radioransmitter/receiver units with limited rangeSatellite television-- allows viewers in almost any locationselect from hundreds of channiAGE
3 RADIO FREQUENCYRadio Frequency(rF) is a rate of oscillation in the range of about 3kHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds to the frequency of radio waves,and the alternating currents which carry radio signals It is the useof radio signals to communicate real-time data from the warehousefloor to the wms database and back to the fleThis expedites processing in the warehouse
Scanners collect the dataand transmitthe warehouseFrom the antennas, the signal proceeds to an accet that ceunicates with theanagement systemstock quantiti4 WHAT IS RE MODULE?(usually)eceive, or transceive radio waves on one of a number of carrier frequencies, RF Modules are widely used in consumer application suchdotcontrols, smart sensor applications, and wireless home automationofted ofote contthey have the advantage of not reg line-ot-sight operation5 MAIN FACTOR AFFECTING RF MODULE'SPERFORMANCEany other radio- frequency device, the performance of alModule will depend onctors Fog the transmitter power a larger comachieved However this will also result in a higher electrical powersmitter dse shorter operativicesAlso, using a higher transmit power will make the systhe device to become illegal depending on the jurisdictio
6 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS/SCOPE OFWIRELESS RF MODULEVehicle MonitoringRemote controySmall-Range wireless networkWireless meter readingAccess control systemsWireless home security systemsArea pagingndustrial data acquisition systemRadio tags readinRF contact less smart cardsWireless data terminaWireless fire protection systemsBiological signal acquisitionHydrological and meteorological monitoringRobot remote controlreless data transmissionsDigital video/audio transmissionDigital home automation such as remote lightndustrial remote control and remote sensingRemote control for household appliances andElectronics projectsMobile web server for elderly people monitoring屍AGE3